Abstract
BackgroundBody weight changes are associated with significant variations in blood pressure (BP). Body mass modifications may, therefore, influence hypertension control in primary care.MethodsPatients with a history of essential arterial hypertension were observed for 12 months. Anthropometric data and clinical BP were evaluated at the time of the recruitment and after 12 months of follow-up. The association between (body mass index) BMI change and BP control was analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsSixteen thousand five hundred and sixty-four patients were recruited, while 13,631 patients (6336 men; 7295 women) finished the 1-year follow-up. In obese patients, a BMI decrease by at least 1 kg/m2 was negatively associated with uncontrolled hypertension at the end of the follow-up (men p < 0.0001, OR = 0.586, 0.481–0.713, women p < 0.001, OR = 0.732, 0.611–0.876). A similar association was observed in overweight patients (men p < 0.05, OR = 0. 804, 95% CI: 0.636–0.997, women p < 0.05, OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.568–0.937). A BMI increase of at least 1 kg/m2 was associated with a significantly higher odd of uncontrolled hypertension in obese (men p < 0.001, OR = 1.471, 1.087–1.991, women p < 0.001, OR = 1.422, 1.104–1.833) and overweight patients (men p < 0.0001, OR = 1.901, 95% CI: 1.463–2.470, women p < 0.0001, OR = 1.647, 95% CI: 1.304–2.080).ConclusionsWeight loss is inversely associated and weight increase is positively associated with the probability of uncontrolled hypertension in obese and overweight hypertensives.
Highlights
Body weight changes are associated with significant variations in blood pressure (BP)
At the end of the follow-up, 4162 (65.7%) men had no significant Body mass index (BMI) change; 1489 (23.5%) had BMI decreased; and 685 (10.8%) had BMI increased and of women 4651 (63.8%) had no significant BMI change; 1634 (22.4%) had BMI decreased; and 1010 (13.8%) had the BMI decreased according to study criteria
BMI body mass index; CI confidence interval; OR odds ratio of the association between BMI increase and uncontrolled hypertension at the end of the follow-up; P probability
Summary
Body weight changes are associated with significant variations in blood pressure (BP). Despite the well-recognized negative impact of arterial hypertension on cardiovascular prognosis, its control is regarded as very poor worldwide. The proportion of arterial hypertension patients with well-controlled BP is lower than 50% in most developed. There is a large body of evidence suggesting that the risk of developing arterial hypertension and body weight (BW) increase/obesity is mutually interdependent [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Decisive evidence emerged much later in the Framingham Heart Study, where the risk of developing arterial hypertension was observed to be approximately twotimes higher in the obese population [17]. It was observed that there is a linear association between BW and BP and that every 4.5 kg increase in body weight
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