Abstract
O dosed Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) surface followed by Ar-ion bombardment andannealing was studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Ultraviolet photoelectronspectroscopy (UPS). In the XPS study, Ar-ion bombardment caused decrease of the oxygen on the surfaceregion of Zry-4 and therefore led to change the oxidation states of the zirconium from oxide to metallic form.In addition, oxidation states of zirconium were changed to lower oxidation states of zirconium due todepopulation of oxygen on the surface region by annealing. Up to about 787 K, the bulk oxygen diffused outto the subsurface region and after this temperature, the oxygen on the surface of Zry-4 was depopulated. UPSstudy showed that the valence band spectrum of the D
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