The Effects of Anorexia Nervosa on Pregnancy

Abstract

Anorexia nervosa is one of the most prevalent eating disorders, disproportionately affecting more women than men. It is characterized by deliberate self-starvation alongside other extreme measures to maintain an exceedingly low weight. This scientific literature review aims to analyze the effects of anorexia nervosa on pregnancy in both maternal health and perinatal health. This review addresses a gap in the current literature on maternal and perinatal health that compares pregnancies in which the mother faces active anorexia versus past anorexia. The methodology includes a search for peer-reviewed journals on anorexia in relation to pregnancy published recently from 1987 to 2020. Six research studies from the Jean and Alexander Heard Library online database were identified as relevant based on an overview of their titles, abstracts, and content. The results indicate that regarding the pregnant mother’s health, anorexia nervosa has detrimental consequences on numerous organ systems. It leads to nutritional deficiency that can result in anemia and antepartum hemorrhage, which can induce shock and death from blood loss. Regarding the fetus’ health, anorexia nervosa is positively correlated with fetal mortality. It can also lead to premature births and low gestational weights, which are associated with future cognitive impairments and memory problems. Based on an analysis of the literature, the conclusion formulates a summary of the findings, brief recommendations, and areas for future research. Due to the wide-ranging causes and effects of anorexia, the most effective treatment for pregnant women is a multidisciplinary approach combining psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, weight restoration, and family involvement.