Abstract
Plastic spiral intrauterine devices were inserted into one uterine horn of follicular phase rabbits. A month later, uterine horns were ligated at each end and inseminated with fresh semen. From I to 8 hours later, the horns were flushed and intact sperm and tailless sperm heads were counted. The presence of an intrauterine device (IUD) greatly increased both the disappearance of sperm cells and the disconnection of sperm cell heads and mid-pieces. Removing the IUD and washing accumulated cellular debris out of the uterine lumen before insemination did not reduce sperm disappearance, but excising the uterus before insemination greatly reduced sperm disappearance. The IUD-intensified sperm loss was thus caused by an altered response to the semen and not to spermicidal factors already present in the uterine lumen. Among follicular phase, ovariectomized, and pseudopregnant rabbits, sperm cell breakage was most intense in follicular phase animals, and sperm disappearance was delayed in pseudopregnant animals. An IUD increased sperm cell breakage in rabbits of each ovarian state.
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