The Effects of an Aligned Magnetic Field on Nanofluid Flow with Newtonian Heating

Abstract

Magnetic field involvement can influence heat absorption in electrically conducting fluid flow, which is useful in the control of features of final products in industries such as radiation therapy, aeronautics, and MHD generators. Consequently, this study investigates the effect of an aligned magnetic field on nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with the boundary condition of Newtonian heating. Steady nanofluid flow with copper as chosen nanoparticles and water as conventional base fluid is considered. The problem is governed by a system of nonlinear boundary layer equations with appropriate boundary conditions which are then transformed into non-dimensionless equations using an appropriate similarity transformation. A numerical approach known as Keller-Box method is used to solve the transformed governing equations. The numerical solutions obtained are presented graphically in the form of velocity and temperature profiles for different values of aligned angle of magnetic field, Newtonian heating parameter, Prandtl number and nanoparticles volume fraction. A significant increase in aligned angle results in a decrease in fluid velocity, but an increase in temperature profile of nanofluid flow. The increment in the Newtonian heating parameter as well as the nanoparticle volume fraction also causes the temperature to increase.