Abstract
The effects of intercropping with alfalfa and initial tree spacing on vessel diameter and frequency in Populus nigra var. betulifolia are reported, on the basis of a study of fifteen trees. Material was harvested from anagroforestry trial near Karaj city, Iran. Treatments included four initial spacings between poplar trees intercropped with alfalfa as a nitrogenfixing plant, as well as one control treatment without alfalfa. Intercropping with alfalfa as well as increasing initial spacing had a positive effect on growth rate which in turn affected the diameter and frequency of the vessels. Intercropping with alfalfa resulted in increased vessel diameter and frequency; while wider initial spacing decreased the vessel frequency (VF), and to some extent the vessel lumen area percentage (VLA%), but increased vessel lumen diameter (VLD).
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