Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the etching mechanism, namely, the etching rate and the activation energy, of a titanium dental implant in concentrated acid and to construct the relation between the activation energy and the nanoscale surface topographies. A commercially-pure titanium (CP Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V ELI surface were tested by shot blasting (pressure, grain size, blasting distance, blasting angle, and time) and acid etching to study its topographical, weight loss, surface roughness, and activation energy. An Arrhenius equation was applied to derive the activation energy for the dissolution of CP Ti/Ti-6Al-4V ELI in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) at different temperatures. In addition, white-light interferometry was applied to measure the surface nanomorphology of the implant to obtain 2D or 3D roughness parameters (Sa, Sq, and St). The nanopore size that formed after etching was approximately 100–500 nm. The surface roughness of CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V ELI decreased as the activation energy decreased but weight loss increased. Ti-6Al-4V ELI has a higher level of activation energy than Ti in HCl, which results in lower surface roughness after acid etching. This study also indicates that etching using a concentrated hydrochloric acid provided superior surface modification effects in titanium compared with H2SO4.
Highlights
The world’s largest dental implant markets are in Europe and the United States
To achieve a high level of success in clinical surgery, the surface quality and topography of Commercially-pure titanium (CP Ti) are among the most critical factors influencing the results of implant surgery
Based blasting parameters this paper, paper, we have summarized summarized the surface roughness roughness
Summary
The world’s largest dental implant markets are in Europe and the United States. According to Global Markets Direct’s estimates, the U.S dental implant market in 2001 was approximatelyUS$1.4 billion; in 2008, it had grown to $3.9 billion, which constitutes a compound annual growth rate of approximately 8.4%. The world’s largest dental implant markets are in Europe and the United States. According to Global Markets Direct’s estimates, the U.S dental implant market in 2001 was approximately. It is estimated that by 2025, the market demand may reach approximately. Commercially-pure titanium (CP Ti) has been used as a dental implant material for the past 40 years because it is anti-corrosive, exhibits suitable mechanical properties, and has biocompatibility [2]. Fast osseointegration after implantation and strong new bone formation on the implant surface during the healing process constitute high biocompatibility. A substantial majority of the developed and investigated implant surfaces, such as SLA (sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched), are smoother than the turning surfaces. The implant surface is sandblasted using large grit and etched in a boiling mixture of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid
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