The effects of a fermented rapeseed meal or/and soybean meal additive on the blood lipid profile and immune parameters of piglets and on minerals in their blood and bone.

Anna Czech,Eugeniusz R Grela,Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek,Łukasz Wlazło

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253744

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the inclusion of dried fermented soybean and/or rapeseed meal in piglet feed on immune parameters, blood lipid parameters, and mineral content in the blood and metacarpal bones. The study was conducted on 150 28-day-old piglets divided into 5 groups. Piglets in the control group (C) received a standard diet with soybean meal. Animals in group FR (group receiving a diet with 8% FRSM) received a diet in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced with 8% dried fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM). Animals in group FR/FS received a diet in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced with 6% FRSM and 2% fermented dried soybean meal (FSBM). The piglets in group FS/FR received a diet with 6% FSBM and 2% FRSM. Group FS received a diet in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced with an 8% share of FSBM. The inclusion of 8% or 6% fermented rapeseed meal (group FR or FR/FS) in the diet of piglets had a beneficial effect on their immune status, as evidenced by the increase in plasma levels of IgG and IgA and the decrease in IL-6 relative to the control group. It also significantly increased the concentrations of minerals, i.e. P, Ca and Zn, in the blood plasma and metacarpal bones of piglets and improved the availability of iron, a key bioelement involved in haemoglobin. The use of 8% or 6% fermented soybean meal in the diet (groups FS and FS/FR) of piglets had a positive effect on blood lipid parameters, reducing CHOL and LDL-cholesterol in the plasma. In conclusion, the fermentation process enables better utilization of rapeseed or soybean meal by pigs. Dried fermented rapeseed meal could partially replace protein components from GMO (genetically modified ogranism) crops (soybean meal) used in diets for pigs.

Highlights

Rapeseed and soybean meal are important protein sources that can be used in feeding livestock
Piglets in group FR received a diet in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced with an 8% share of dried fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM)
FSBM–fermented dried soybean meal, FRSM—fermented dried rapeseed meal Feeding groups: C—control; FR- group receiving a diet with 8% FRSM; FR/FS—group receiving a diet with 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM; FS/FR—group receiving a diet with 6% FSBM and 2% FRSM; FS—group receiving a diet with 8% FSBM

Summary

Introduction

Rapeseed and soybean meal are important protein sources that can be used in feeding livestock Their wider use, especially for monogastric animals, is impeded by the presence of numerous anti-nutritional factors, such as glucosinolates, protease inhibitors, tannins, phytic acid and, in the case of rapeseed meal, relatively high crude fibre content [1]. Research by Canibe and Jensen [4] shows that fermented feed components have health-promoting properties, as a source of probiotic microbes, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant compounds The presence of these compounds has a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota, which in turn improves immune status [5, 6]. The population of lactic acid bacteria introduced with fermented products is responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids, creating a competitive environment protecting against infection and pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and coliforms [8]

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