Abstract
Background: This study assessed the effects of weekly vitamin D (VD) supplementation on clinical and biological parameters after scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis and served to validate the VD dosage regimen. Methods: It was a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 6 months follow-up. Healthy Caucasian periodontitis patients presenting serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 below 30 ng/mL were randomly allocated to test group (SRP + VD 25,000 international units (IU)/week) or the control group (SRP + placebo). Results: A total of 59 patients were screened, 27 were included and 26 completed 3 months (M) and 21 completed 6M control. Test (n = 13) and control groups (n = 14) had similar 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels at baseline (17.6 ± 7.4 vs. 14.4 ± 5.2, respectively). After one month, there was a significant difference between groups (32.9 ± 5.2 vs. 16.1 ± 4.7), also seen at M3 and M6 (t-test, p < 0.001). Periodontal treatment was successful in both groups, since it resulted in a reduction of all measured clinical parameters at M3 and M6 (probing pocket depth (PPD), full mouth bleeding and plaque). However, the reduction in PPD was greater in the test group. Conclusions: In this short-term pilot study, no significant differences were observed between two groups. However, supplementation with VD tended to improve the treatment of periodontitis in patients with initial 25(OH) vitamin D3 < 30 ng/mL and proved safe and efficacious. NCT03162406.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immunoinflammatory infiltrate in the deep compartments of the periodontium, leading to destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, tooth mobility and eventually tooth loss
Since the periodontal disease (PD) is among the most complex chronic, non-communicable diseases, there is an array of risk factors that need to be identified for every new patient [4]
The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D on probing pocket depth (PPD)
Summary
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immunoinflammatory infiltrate in the deep compartments of the periodontium, leading to destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, tooth mobility and eventually tooth loss It is the result of a complex polymicrobial infection, which in susceptible individuals causes the perturbation of the homeostasis between the subgingival microbiota and the host defense [1,2]. Since the periodontal disease (PD) is among the most complex chronic, non-communicable diseases, there is an array of risk factors that need to be identified for every new patient [4] Such risk factors as smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, stress and low dietary calcium and vitamin D (25(OH)D3) have already been identified in 2013 by Genco and Borgnakke [5].
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