The Effectiveness of the Device for Vacuum Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Focal Thyroid Pathology

Abstract

Purpose: Determination of the effectiveness of using vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound control in patients with focal thyroid pathology. Material and methods: The modified original experimental sample for vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy (patent RU No. 2757525) was developed with the help of which 48 vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy were performed under the control of ultrasound navigation in patients with focal thyroid pathology. The device is a full-fledged vacuum compressor that creates a negative pressure in the range from –0.1 to –0.8 bar, which is connected to a syringe using a metal container, foot switches, electromagnetic valves, high-strength hoses and an adapter, where a high discharge power is created and fragmentation and aspiration of cellular material occurs. The degree of discharge depended on the assumed morphological structure of thyroid nodes, which were determined using multiparametric ultrasound. The average vacuum level was selected in the range from –0.3 to –0.5 bar, which is significantly higher than the level of discharge created by a 10 ml syringe (–0.2 bar). Results: During the vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy, no complications were detected during and after the manipulation. In the group of patients, 72.1 % (n = 32) women prevailed, the average age was 59.0±5.5 years. The collection of cytological material was carried out much easier, since when using v-TAB, the discharge in the syringe is formed using an apparatus that is kept at a constant level, which eliminated the need for translational movements of the syringe piston and needle in the focus for greater collection of cytological material, this indicates a low level of uninformative cytological conclusion (Bethesda I), n = 5 (11.2 %). Conclusions: 1. The implementation of vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy allows to improve the quality of sampling of cellular material, which affects the informativeness of cytological examination of nodular formations of the thyroid gland. 2. The vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy allows you to individualize the procedure depending on the ultrasound semiotics of the nodular formation of the thyroid gland. 3. The vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy minimizes the number of uncontrolled needle movements during a biopsy, which reduces the risk of complications.