The effectiveness of technologies with autumn tillage

Abstract

The article shows the yield of spring soft wheat in 16 different technologies, differing in its place in the crop rotation, the type of basic tillage and the use of nitrogen fertilizer. When plowing with the removal of sowing from fallow, the yield decreased from 2,24 t/ha by 1,4-1,5 times – to 1,63 and 1,52 t/ha, and with permanent cultivation, grain harvest in relation to wheat by fallow decreased by 1,6 times to 1,38 t/ha. On a fertilized background, on the 2nd and 3rd wheat, the decrease occurred by 1,2-1,4 times: from 2,33 t/ha per fallow to 1,86 and 1,88 t/ha. The permanent crop provided grain harvest in t/ha of 1,38 in the control and 1,60 against the background of N40. During surface autumn tillage, the place of wheat in the crop rotation was also of great importance, since the yield without fertilizer decreased from 1,89 t/ha for a couple to 1,42-1,22 in the following fields and to 1,16 t/ha for permanent cultivation. When applying fertilizer, the yield dropped from 2,13 t/ha per fallow to 1,60-1,73 in the following crops and to 1,45 in permanently grown wheat. The preservation of the number of productive stems at the level of 362 pieces per 1 m2 contributed to the formation of a high yield of wheat by fallow during plowing. The number of grains in the ear was of great importance, which equaled 18,7-19,5 pieces in fallow with 13-17 in other technologies.