Abstract
Purpose: This research was conducted to identify the effectiveness of sandplay therapy to improve students’ self-esteem among students. Methods: The sample was 16 students for experimental group, who received sandplay therapy, in comparison to the 16 students from control group who did not receive any treatment intervention. The instrument used in this research was Self-Esteem Inventory developed by Coopersmith. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 using Manova Repeated Measure Method, pre-test and post-test instruments. Results: The results from multivariate Pillai’s Trace test shows the main effect of the sandplay therapy from the post-test is significant F (5, 11) = 41.372, p<.05. The univariate shows that there is significant difference of the sandplay therapy to the general self-esteem F (1, 15) = 49.853 α<.05, social self-esteem F (1, 15) = 63.646 α<.05, parental self-esteem F (1, 15) = 82.924 α<.05 and academic self-esteem F (1, 15) = 80.071 α<.05. Conclusions: Sandplay therapy can be used in school to help students improve their self-esteem. Given this, one of the issues relating to adolescents is low self-esteem. Therefore, by applying sandplay therapy can minimize the issue surrounding low self-esteem among adolescents particularly in Brunei Darussalam However, since limited study on the usage of this kind of therapy, it is suggested that further study on the applicability of this therapy should be conducted.
Highlights
Children and adolescents are important assets for each country
Sandplay therapy can be used in school to help students improve their self-esteem
By applying sandplay therapy can minimize the issue surrounding low self-esteem among adolescents in Brunei Darussalam since limited study on the usage of this kind of therapy, it is suggested that further study on the applicability of this therapy should be conducted
Summary
It has become a high concern to the country in regards to younger generations in particular school students, to be able to express and present themselves confidently. There are several instances where self-esteem is concerned such as social adjustment, communication (interpersonal skill) with others and most importantly self-perception (Pullmann & Alik, 2008; Fredricks and Eccles, 2008). Individuals with low self-esteem have the tendency to internalize their inner voice and inner self that often filled with “belittling self, condemning and negative” (McPherson, 2008). He argued that individuals often need to be aware of inner voice, along with its beliefs and messages in order to raise their self-esteem. By having awareness of the inner voices, beliefs and messages, it is possible to refute and substitute the destructing and negative thoughts of self with more positive and constructive thoughts and beliefs
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