Abstract
The results of field experiments on the effectiveness of the use of retardants Moddus and Messidor in the cultivation of spring barley at different levels of mineral nutrition are presented. The shortening of the second internode of barley plants by 3.3-24.1% and the increase in its thickness by 1.43.7% were established when using retardants Moddus and Messidor in different doses on a high nutrient content. The data obtained indicates positive effect of retardants on increasing the resistance of barley stems to unfavorable factors (rain and wind), which is confirmed by the results of assessing the degree of lodging. It was found out that the use of retardants on natural nutrient content in a dry growing season leads to the significant decrease in yields (from 0.22 to 0.94 t/ha). In slightly arid and excessively humid conditions of the growing season, the use of retardants on medium nutrient content provides the significant increase of the yield from 0.22 to 0.53 t/ha, on high nutrient content from 0.21 to 0.52 t/ha. In average, over three years of research, the highest yield of barley was obtained on high nutrient content when crops were treated with Messidor at a dose of 1.0 l/ha, Moddus at a dose of 0.4 l/ha. The best economic indicators were established when feed barley was cultivated on medium nutrient content (N15 P39 K39 + pre-seeding application of N68) using retardants Moddus at a dose of 0.2 l/ha, Messidor at a dose of 0.5 l/ha.
Highlights
When cultivating spring barley using intensive technology with the yield higher than 6.0 t/ha, further limitation of its productivity growth might be caused by lodging
Most often, lodging of spring barley is noticed at the end of the milky phase - the beginning of waxy maturity, when the head has already gained the largest weight
The research results have defined that the use of retardants Moddus and Messidor is an effective agrotechnical method for increasing the resistance of crops to lodging, that provides the increase of spring barley yield on medium nutrient content by 3.0-4.1%, on high nutrient content by 2.5-4.8% on average, over three years
Summary
When cultivating spring barley using intensive technology with the yield higher than 6.0 t/ha, further limitation of its productivity growth might be caused by lodging. The negative effect of lodging appears in the poorer yield and its quality degradation due to the deterioration of grain filling, but is one of the main reasons for the losses increase during harvesting. During harvesting of wetter lodged barley, mechanical losses of grain can reach 35%, the productivity of the harvesting equipment decreases and fuel consumption increases, in addition, extra costs are required for drying grain [1]. Lodging of barley crops has been observed in earlier stages of growth due to strong wind and heavy rainfall, which leads to even greater shortfall in grain yield
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