Abstract
ABSTRACT The biodiversity on Earth, with the many species, ecosystems, and ecological processes that constitute the natural environment, is of incalculable value to humanity. Conservationists efforts are often inspired by Turkey’s unique biological system, which is highlighted by a broad biodiversity and a 34% rate of endemism. This fragile biotic wealth is sometimes threatened by pressures for economic development. Biodiversity-rich regions tend to have more urgent needs for conservation but frequently lack the financia resources and human capacity to achieve effective protections. Even so, there are many legislative leaders, institutional administrators, and other persons who are willing to work to save protected areas, or conservation areas (although this does not mean that their resource value would be properly protected); in fact, Turkey is one of the most enlightened nations in this regard. An institutional approach has been followed to bring new perspectives to the debate about the effectiveness of protected areas in Turkey. Protected areas have decreased steadily, from 5.647.568 ha in 2012 to 3.451.947 ha in 2018. This analysis confirms that protected areas face institutional restrictions, lapses in management, and capacity limitations. There is a need for a more adaptive approach to policy-making processes related to biodiversity conservation in Turkey.
Highlights
Biodiversity supports societies in ecological, economic, cultural, and spiritual ways (MOF, 2001)
That international pressures on the inclusion of environmental approaches in legislative mechanisms have led to the rapid implementation of complex concepts without supporting legal enforcement mechanisms, institutional commitments or tasks, or conscious support opportunities
The fact that national legislation does not comply with international regulations causes contradictions in practice because it does not support implementation (MOF, 2001)
Summary
Biodiversity supports societies in ecological, economic, cultural, and spiritual ways (MOF, 2001). Even though biodiversity has essential influences on daily social life and development, the world is facing bizarre and generally irrevocable biodiversity losses (Ervin et al, 2010). The types of species and systems and the threats they face are different in different geographical regions and within those regions (Myers et al, 2000). Two threats that are seen around the globe, are rapid urbanization and insufficient or weak land management policies (Huang et al, 2018). It is important to preserve high levels of diversity for many reasons, including all that the natural world contributes to human life (Rounsevell et al, 2018). The conservation and protection of nature and the conservation of biodiversity have been seen as one and the same issue in recent years (Mathews, 2016)
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