The Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-A Critical Review.

Dominika Jakubczyk,Katarzyna Leszczyńska,Sabina Górska

doi:10.3390/nu12071973

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects millions of people worldwide, includes two separate diseases: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the background (chronic inflammatory state) and some of the symptoms of CD and UC are similar, both diseases differ from each other. It is becoming clear that a combination of many factors, in particular genetic background, host immune response and microbial reduced diversity status are associated with IBD. One potential strategy to prevent/treat IBD is gut modulation by probiotics. Over the last twenty years, many publications have focused on the role of probiotics in the course of IBD. The review discusses the utility of different strains of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium spp., in all factors potentially involved in the etiology of IBD. The probiotic modulatory properties among different study models (cell lines, animal models of colitis, clinical study) are discussed and probiotic usefulness is assessed in relation to the treatment, prevention, and remission of diseases.

Highlights

Diseases within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were known even in ancient times, and most likely, Hippocrates was the first to try to diagnose the causes of diarrhea [1]
Colitis was induced by enema of 1.0 mL 5% (w/v) TNBS which lasted for 7 days
Probiotic bacteria can affect all aspects of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) pathoetiology, and can fulfil a protective function for the patient

Summary

Introduction

Diseases within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were known even in ancient times, and most likely, Hippocrates was the first to try to diagnose the causes of diarrhea [1]. The term IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) was coined in the 1970s, to unify the understanding of diseases within the GI tract. IBD, as a common appellation, describes chronic inflammatory states in the gastrointestinal tract. This term includes two different clinical states: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The first description of UC dates from 1859, when Samuel Wilks used the term ‘ulcerative colitis’ [2,3]. Crohn, who in 1932, together with Leon Ginzburg and Gordon D

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