The effectiveness of pneumatic compression devices in preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective spine surgeries

Abstract

Objectives: Venous thromboembolic events are devastating complications that may arise following spine surgery with rates ranging from 0% to 14% in the literature. Orthopedic procedures increase the risk of thromboembolic events, and diagnosis is often challenging due to the varying presentations. Most research on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and international standards emphasizes that prevention such as mechanical prophylaxis is more crucial than therapy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pneumatic compressive devices in preventing VTE in spinal surgery patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed the outcomes of mechanical prophylaxis in the form of pneumatic devices in 547 patients at our institution over five years from 2016 to 2021. Above-knee pneumatic compression stockings were applied before, during, and after surgery with patient outcomes being recorded. Results: Data was collected from 547 patients, who underwent elective spinal surgery at our center between January 2016 and January 2021. The mean age was 47.27 years (±20.84), and most patients were male (63.1%). Most patients were classified as having a low risk (35.6%) or mild risk (43.5%) of VTE determined by the Caprini score. Following spinal surgery, only one patient in our cohort experienced post-operative VTE (0.18%). Conclusion: Pneumatic compression effectively prevents VTE in patients undergoing elective spine surgery. Although pharmacologic prophylaxis has traditionally been used to prevent VTE, pneumatic compressive devices represent an alternative or supplementary approach to reduce the risk of VTE further.