The Effectiveness of Multiple Interventions on Third Graders’ Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Abstract

The 5 A Day for Better Health Program is a nationwide effort, led by the National Cancer Institute, to achieve the Healthy People 2000 objective for eating five servings per day of fruits and vegetables. The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals revealed that only 26% of children eat the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables a day, compared to 40% of adults. These results underscore the importance of encouraging all school-age children to eat more fruits and vegetables. To date, little progress has been made to achieve this objective through early childhood interventions and community approaches, especially among minorities and economically disadvantaged Americans, who are at increased risk for many chronic diseases. To determine the effectiveness of multiple interventions on fruit and vegetable consumption of African American school-age children, three methods of interventions are being implemented and evaluated: classroom lesson plans, store tours, and home activities. Forty-two third grade classes were selected from ten schools with a high minority population and were randomly assigned to one of five groups to receive all 3 interventions, 1 intervention, or no interventions. Focus groups were conducted to determine cultural competency and feasibility of the materials. A nutrition knowledge questionnaire and a 3-day food diary were administered before interventions, and will be administered immediately and 6 weeks after interventions. Baseline data revealed that the average daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was 1.9 servings per student. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.8 out of 20. This program evaluation will serve as a pilot test. After analyzing the results of this study, modifications will be made to the program and distributed for statewide use.