The effectiveness of mind-body approaches for enhancing resilience in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundResilience in older adults is associated with good well-being and resilience training has been shown to be beneficial. Mind-body approaches (MBAs) combine physical and psychological training in age-appropriate exercise programs.This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different modes of MBAs in enhancing resilience in older adults. MethodElectronic databases and a manual search were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of different MBA modes. Data from the included studies were extracted for fixed-effect pairwise meta-analyses. Quality and risk were assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool, respectively. Pooled effect sizes with a standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to quantify the impact of MBAs in enhancing resilience in older adults. Network meta-analysis was employed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different interventions. The study was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42022352269). ResultsNine studies were included in our analysis. Pairwise comparisons indicated that MBAs, regardless of whether they were related to yoga, could significantly enhancing resilience in older adults (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.44). With strong consistency, a network meta-analysis showed that physical and psychological programs and yoga-related programs were associated with resilience improvement (SMD: 0.44, 95% CI 0.01–0.88 and SMD: 0.42, 95% CI 0.06–0.79, respectively). ConclusionHigh quality evidence demonstrates that two MBA modes—physical and psychological programs and yoga-related programs—enhance resilience in older adults. However, long-term clinical verification is required to confirm our results.