The effectiveness of methods of preliminary creation of material in potato seed production

Abstract

The work analyzes methods for creating initial material for virus-free potato seed production. Determined that, elites grown from healthy tubers using the apical meristem method have higher productivity than seed potatoes grown from starting material created by other methods. Installed that, with visual observation and serological analysis, in comparison with the control, the average plant height is 5 cm, the number of stems is 0.4, the absorption surface is 2.3 thousand m2 per hectare, virus infection in an obvious form is 1.5%, in a latent form - 4.4% less, with a yield of 3.7 t/ha. For example, during visual observation and serological analysis, the average height of plants was 84 cm, the number of main stems formed per plant was 4.4, and it was found that the absorbing surface was 34.9 thousand m2/ha per hectare. In the control variant, these indicators remained at the level of 79 cm, 4 pcs. and 32.6 thousand m2/ha, respectively. Based on a visual assessment of the initial buds and serological analysis, in the selected variant, only 8.25% of plants showed obvious symptoms of a viral disease, while in the control variant, these indicators showed symptoms of the disease in 9.7% of plants. It has been researched that, in the case of using buds treated by the meristem method, obvious symptoms of the virus were observed in 5.8% of plants, and in the control variant - in 9.7% of plants. In the case of using healthy buds using the triple meristem method, the level of plant infection with latent viruses was the lowest - 14.6%, while in the case when seed buds were selected only on the basis of visual assessment, this figure averaged 21.4%. That is, in addition to the currently used only visual selection of source material, it has been established that selection using serological tests reduces infection of plants by latent viruses by 6.8%. Research has shown that when growing potatoes from generative seeds, the greatest yield is obtained with the 1st reproduction of tubers obtained by this method. In this option, the yield per unit area is 31.2 tons. organized This result is explained by the fact that when potatoes are propagated by botanical seeds, viruses are not transmitted to offspring, and the concentration of infection in the first generation of such seedlings is low. Developed in research, that cultivating elite potato seeds from generative seeds of the crop can be an effective approach for generating seed stock for primary planting of potatoes, as seeds from 1-2 reproductions of tubers obtained in this way. confirms that it can be used.