The Effectiveness of Intravenous 5-Fluorouracil-Containing Chemotherapy after Curative Resection for Gastric Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Published Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

This is a review of randomized controlled trials of intravenous 5-flurorouracil (5- FU)-containing chemotherapy after curative resection versus surgery alone in patients with gastric carcinoma to determine the impact on survival rate, safety and economics. Data sources were the Cochrane Library (2006, Issue 2), Pub-Medline and Chinese Biomedical Database. We included 22 randomized controlled trials comparing 4501 patients. Intravenous 5-FU-containing chemotherapy after curative resection had a slightly significant improvement in 3-, 5- and 7-year overall survival rate (OR 1.49, 1.41 and 1.32). No benefit of postoperative disease-free survival rate was induced by 5-FU-containing chemotherapy. Sensitivity analysis was restricted to trials with the highest methodological quality, and the result was similar when the studies with Jadad score less than 3' were excluded. Subgroup analyses found borderline improved overall survival rate in both Western and Eastern countries but the statistical significance was stronger in the Eastern subset. The combinations of 5-FU plus mitomycin C, 5-FU plus cytosine arabinoside and 5-FU plus adriamycin or epidoxorubicin induced potentially more improvement of 3- and 5-year overall survival rates. Severe toxicities were reported in 1629 patients from 15 included trials, and hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were the most remarkable side effects, around 5%-15% respectively. The chemotherapy-related overall mortality was 1.1%. No trials mentioned cost-effectiveness analysis. Although the results provide some evidence of a beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU-containing regimens, they are inconclusive due to the limitations of methodological quality of including randomized controlled trials. Large scale randomized controlled trials with a positive result are still mandatory before postoperative chemotherapy are recommended.