Abstract
Two herbicidal desiccants and five application times at different reproductive stages of soybean were investigated for earliness without significant reduction in seed yield and quality. Glyphosate and diquat were applied to soybean cv. ‘Arısoy’ (maturity group III) at growth stages of R5, R6, R7 and R8. Full maturity (FM) and uprooted plants at each growth stage were also used as a control. Plant height, first pod height, pod number per plant, seed weight per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield and oil ratio were investigated. The results showed that plant height was not affected by desiccants and application times. Lower seed weight per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield, and oil ratio were obtained from earlier reproductive stages, especially at R5, and R6, but glyphosate produced higher seed yield and oil content than diquat. Both desiccants considerably reduced seed yield when applied at R5 and R6. Mean seed yield enhanced from 1,364 to 3,036 kg ha-1 in first year and from 1,097 to 2,804 kg ha-1 in second year as the growth stages extended from R5 to R8. Diquat was more effective desiccant for accelerating soybean harvest than glyphosate, while higher seed yield was obtained from glyphosate spraying at R5 and R6 stages. Increased seed yield was observed in diquat application when the soybean growth stages were delayed from R5 to R8. It was concluded that glyphosate should be applied at R7 in soybean for earliness with 7-10 days in harvest and no desiccant should be suggested before R7 stages.
Highlights
IntroductionCake, raw and refined oil every year and the import value has reached up to 2 billion dollars nowadays (Anonymus, 2019)
Turkey imports soybean seeds, cake, raw and refined oil every year and the import value has reached up to 2 billion dollars nowadays (Anonymus, 2019)
The longer plant height and first pod height were obtained in the second year, while higher seed weight, pod number and seed yield were recorded in the first year
Summary
Cake, raw and refined oil every year and the import value has reached up to 2 billion dollars nowadays (Anonymus, 2019). Soybean is an economically important for our poultry industry due to rich protein and oil contents of the seeds. The production of soybean is strictly supported by the Turkish government to meet the demand of soybean products (Kolsarıcı et al, 2015), while its cultivation has been limited into Mediterranean region, subtropical climatic zone of Turkey (Kulan et al, 2017). For these reasons, the sowing area of soybean must be expanded to increase the production of soybean under different regions with temperate ecology. Central Anatolian region, characterized as continental climate with snowy and cold winter, and dry and temperate summer, has a potential to meet the demand of soybean. Torunlar and Nazlıcan (2018) estimated that approximately 9.5 million ha are suitable for soybean production in this region
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