Abstract
<em>In many regions of the world, the multiple uses of transboundary fresh water have been a critically important component for regional stability. This situation explains why, in many cases, water management has commonly become linked to national security concerns. But, in what intensity? In search for answers, we analyze the cases of Southern Africa and the Jordan River Basin due to their prevailing condition of hydrological stress. To verify the role played by governance mechanisms in accommodating the interests of riparian states, the Hydropolitical Complexes model was applied in a comparative perspective. Our findings suggest a trend towards cooperation in Southern Africa due to the successful institutionalization of management mechanisms capable of minimizing potential conflicts. In the Jordan Basin, however, the struggle for control of water resources has been a paramount feature in the maintenance of a tense and resilient non-cooperative framework among riparian countries.</em>
Highlights
The planet has approximately 1.4 billion cubic kilometers of water
Per the holistic and multi-sectorial nature of Hydropolitics, in order to verify the effectiveness of water scarcity resources management instruments, this investigative proposal makes use of an ampler and more inclusive governance perspective considering it, as being, “a multi-layered, multi-scale and multi-sector ensemble characterized by a combination of hierarchical structures, participatory dynamics, associative action and market mechanisms based on a culture of dialogue, negotiation, active citizenship, subsidiarity and institutional strengthening” (Castro, 2007, p. 3) (Note 6)
To accomplish the proposed objectives, we present a sample of the main structural and conjunctural defining dynamics within such sub-systemic spaces to, analyze the effectiveness of governance mechanisms vis-à-vis the externalities stemming from the hydrological interdependence existing amongst some of the main actors of both Hydropolitical Complexes
Summary
The planet has approximately 1.4 billion cubic kilometers of water. about 97.5 percent of this amount is salty water. 442), argues that fresh water has the potential to exacerbate tensions contingent on the following circumstances: 1) Degree of vulnerability and dependence of each country in relation to its water needs; 2) Number of actors that claim access to the shared water source; 3) Power resources available to riparian actors; 4) Existence of substitute products (in what concerns water, none is presently available); and even, 5) Political, cultural and identity symbolism socially attached to sovereign control of water resources Given these considerations, and per the holistic and multi-sectorial nature of Hydropolitics, in order to verify the effectiveness of water scarcity resources management instruments, this investigative proposal makes use of an ampler and more inclusive governance perspective (i.e., as a process of accommodation of consensus and, of conflicts and divergences) considering it, as being, “a multi-layered, multi-scale and multi-sector ensemble characterized by a combination of hierarchical structures, participatory dynamics, associative action and market mechanisms based on a culture of dialogue, negotiation, active citizenship, subsidiarity and institutional strengthening” To accomplish the proposed objectives, we present a sample of the main structural and conjunctural defining dynamics within such sub-systemic spaces to, analyze the effectiveness of governance mechanisms vis-à-vis the externalities stemming from the hydrological interdependence existing amongst some of the main actors of both Hydropolitical Complexes
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