The Effectiveness of Crataegus orientalis M Bieber. (Hawthorn) Extract Administration in Preventing Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats with Experimental Periodontitis.

Jin-Ran Chen,Mükerrem Hatipoğlu,Serhat Köseoğlu,Mehmet Sağlam,Hacı Hasan Esen,Ali Keleş,Ekrem Köksal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128134

Abstract

The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of hawthorn (Crataeus orientalis M Bieber.) extract on serum oxidative status and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: non- ligated+placebo (saline) (NL, n = 9), ligature only+placebo (saline) (LO, n = 9), and ligature and treated with hawthorn extract in saline (H, n = 9) (100 mg/kg orogastrically, once a day for 11 days). Periodontitis was induced by submerging a 4/0 silk ligature in the sulcus of the mandibular right first molars of rats, and the animals were sacrificed after 11 days. Micro-CT examinations were performed for linear and volumetric parameter assessment of alveolar bone. Periodontal tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the differences among the study groups. Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed. Alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced by hawthorn administration compared to LO group (p<0.05). The number of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in the LO group was significantly higher than that of the NL and H groups (p< 0.05). The number of osteoblasts in the LO and H groups was significantly higher than that of the NL group (p<0.05). TOS and OSI levels were significantly reduced in H group compared to LO group (P <0.05) and TAS levels were similar in H and NL group (p< 0.05). Hawthorn extract showed inhibitory effect on periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss by regulating TAS, TOS and OSI levels in periodontal disease in rats when administered systemically.

Highlights

Periodontitis is a disease of oral cavity and the primary clinical features of periodontitis include gingival inflammation, periodontal pocketing, alveolar bone loss and clinical attachment loss [1]
Hawthorn species are medicinal plants used as a folk medicine, which have flavonoids, triterpene acids, proanthocyanidins, and organic acids as essential components
This is the first study evaluating the effect of hawthorn extract administration on serum oxidative status and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis model in rats

Summary

Introduction

Periodontitis is a disease of oral cavity and the primary clinical features of periodontitis include gingival inflammation, periodontal pocketing, alveolar bone loss and clinical attachment loss [1] This disease occurs by an interaction between dental microbial plaque and host response. The microbial challenge causes an increased host response in the periodontium that is characterized by the extreme production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g.interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α), enzymes [including the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)] and prostanoids (e.g. prostaglandin E2) [2]. These pro-inflammatory mediators are responsible for the majority of periodontal destruction. It was reported that ROS are able to induce destruction of periodontal tissues and are related to osteoclastic bone resorption [5]

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