Abstract
BackgroundRevision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is associated with significant risk of wound-related morbidity. The present study aimed to evaluate the 1) efficacy of closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) vs silver-impregnated antimicrobial dressing (AMD) in mitigating postoperative surgical site complications (SSCs), 2) the effect of ciNPT vs AMD on certain postoperative health utilization parameters, and on 3) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) improvement at 90-day postoperative follow-up. MethodsThis multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted between December 2017 and August 2019. Patients ≥22 years, at high risk for SSC, and receiving rTKA with full exchange and reimplantation of new prosthetic components or open reduction and internal fixation of periprosthetic fractures were screened for inclusion. Eligible patients were randomized to receive a commercially available ciNPT system or a silver-impregnated AMD (n = 147, each) for minimum of 5-day duration. Primary outcome was the 90-day incidence of SSCs with stratification in accordance with revision type (aseptic/septic). Secondary outcomes were the 90-day health care utilization parameters (readmission, reoperation, dressing changes, and visits) and PROs. ResultsOf 294 patients randomized (age: 64.9 ± 9.0 years, female: 59.6%), 242 (82.0%) patients completed the study (ciNPT: n = 124; AMD: n = 118). The incidence of 90-day SSCs was lower for the ciNPT cohort (ciNPT: 3.4% vs AMD: 14.3%; odds ratio (OR): 0.22, 95% confidence interval (0.08, 0.59); P = .0013). Readmission rates (3.4% vs 10.2%, OR: 0.30(0.11, 0.86); P = .0208) and mean dressing changes (1.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 1.0; P = .0003) were lower with ciNPT. The differences in reoperation rates, number of visits, and PRO improvement between both arms were not statistically significant (P > .05). ConclusionciNPT is effective in reducing the 90-day postoperative SSCs, readmission, and number of dressing changes after rTKA. Recommending routine implementation would require true-cost analyses.
Highlights
Revision total knee arthroplasty is associated with significant risk of wound-related morbidity
The present study aimed to evaluate the 1) efficacy of closed-incision negative-pressure therapy vs silver-impregnated antimicrobial dressing (AMD) in mitigating postoperative surgical site complications (SSCs), 2) the effect of Closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) vs antimicrobial silver-impregnated dressing (AMD) on certain postoperative health utilization parameters, and on 3) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) improvement at 90-day postoperative follow-up
Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: 1) pregnant or nursing; 2) revision within 30 days of a bilateral, staged total knee arthroplasties (TKAs); 3) the presence of remote skin infection or active systemic infection at the time of Revision TKA (rTKA) other than chronic viral infections; 4) skin tattoo within 30 days of the rTKA; 5) known hypersensitivity to study product components; 6) the presence of localized skin cancer at the incision site; 7) received muscle flap during the rTKA; 8) surgical glue used for wound closure; or 9) surgical wounds precluding dressing placement
Summary
Revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is associated with significant risk of wound-related morbidity. The present study aimed to evaluate the 1) efficacy of closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) vs silver-impregnated antimicrobial dressing (AMD) in mitigating postoperative surgical site complications (SSCs), 2) the effect of ciNPT vs AMD on certain postoperative health utilization parameters, and on 3) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) improvement at 90-day postoperative follow-up. Eligible patients were randomized to receive a commercially available ciNPT system or a silver-impregnated AMD (n 1⁄4 147, each) for minimum of 5-day duration. Secondary outcomes were the 90-day health care utilization parameters (readmission, reoperation, dressing changes, and visits) and PROs. Results: Of 294 patients randomized (age: 64.9 ± 9.0 years, female: 59.6%), 242 (82.0%) patients completed the study (ciNPT: n 1⁄4 124; AMD: n 1⁄4 118). Conclusion: ciNPT is effective in reducing the 90-day postoperative SSCs, readmission, and number of dressing changes after rTKA.
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