Abstract
BackgroundEveryday cognition is the application of basic cognitive skills and knowledge of the specific cognitive domain for the resolution of problems that are integrated within the instrumental domains of functioning. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Training Programme in Everyday Cognition in order to improve the levels of everyday cognition and global cognitive performance in older adults.MethodsA randomised controlled trial of two groups. The sample was composed of healthy older adults. The intervention of the experimental group consisted of an Everyday Cognition Training Programme, and the intervention of the control group consisted of a Conventional Cognitive Training Programme. The Rapid Assessment of Cognitive Functions test (ERFC) and the Everyday Cognition Battery test (ECB) were used to assess the intervention.ResultsTotal sample (n = 237) composed of 44 men and 223 women, with a mean age of 73.45 years. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were evidenced between the control group and the experimental group in both the ECB and ERFC; in the final evaluation of the study and in the follow-up.ConclusionThe use of a Daily Cognition Training Programme presents greater benefits in terms of both global cognitive performance and everyday cognition than the use of a Conventional Cognitive Training Programme in elderly adults.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04041999.Retrospectively registered. Date of trial registration: 8th July 2019.
Highlights
Everyday cognition consists of the application of basic cognitive skills and knowledge of the specific cognitive domain for the resolution of problems that are integrated within the instrumental activities of functioning [9, 10]
There is no biomarker that facilitates the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or prodromal phase of dementia and determines the prognosis, early diagnosis in clinical practice relies on neuropsychological assessment [11, 12]
In the “Everyday Cognition Training Programme”, we focused on tasks related to medication taking and adherence to treatment, due to the great importance of this activity in older adults, the difficulty it sometimes implies for them and the various consequences that incorrectly taking medications could entail in such an essential instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)
Summary
Everyday cognition is the application of basic cognitive skills and knowledge of the specific cognitive domain for the resolution of problems that are integrated within the instrumental domains of functioning. Based on the previous evidence, we believe in the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in healthy older adults, to achieve normal cognitive aging and prevent MCI. To achieve active aging and a good quality of life, cognitive evaluations and interventions should be based on the impact of cognition on occupational functioning and performance, rather than on the evaluation of the intelligence and cognitive potential of individuals [8]. Everyday cognition consists of the application of basic cognitive skills and knowledge of the specific cognitive domain for the resolution of problems that are integrated within the instrumental activities of functioning [9, 10]. There is no biomarker that facilitates the diagnosis of MCI or prodromal phase of dementia and determines the prognosis, early diagnosis in clinical practice relies on neuropsychological assessment [11, 12]
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