The Effectiveness Assessment of Massage Therapy Using Entropy-Based EEG Features Among Lumbar Disc Herniation Patients Comparing With Healthy Controls

Huihui Li,Wenjing Du,Junsong Ma,Lei Wang,Kamen Ivanov,Kai Fan

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2964050

Huihui Li, Wenjing Du + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2964050

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Journal: IEEE Access	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2020
Citations: 63	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology

Abstract

Massage therapy (MT) is a useful complementary and alternative therapy widely used in treating low back pain (LBP), including lumbar disc herniation (LDH). However, few studies revealed the quantitative entropy-based features of electroencephalography (EEG) for the MT effectiveness for the LDH patients. This study investigated the immediate effects of Chinese massage on four EEG rhythms, using the eight entropy-based features (approximation entropy (ApEn), Sample Entropy (SampEn), wavelet entropy (WaveEn), Hilbert-Huang Transform Marginal spectrum entropy (HHTMSEn), normalized energy, permutation entropy (PE), Fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn), and Inherent fuzzy entropy (IFE)) in the 26 LDH patients and 24 healthy controls. Results showed that after MT in LDH group, ApEn, SampEn, WaveEn, PE, FuzzyEn, and IFE features of the delta rhythm decreased, the normalized energy of delta rhythm significantly increased in the left hemisphere and theta/alpha rhythms significantly decreased. Furthermore, HHTMSEn feature of theta and beta rhythms showed the significant difference for two groups (LDH and control group) in two states (before and after massage). Ten classifiers were applied in classifying two groups or two states in one group, and most of them reached high averaged accuracies and the area under the curve (AUC), even with different length per epoch (1024, 512, and 256 points). It indicated that the entropy-based features and permutation disalignment index (PDI) of EEG rhythms could be promising indices of the massage effectiveness for LDH patients and control group. Rhythms' SampEn scalp topography in two groups showed the significant different complexity change between two states (before and after massage).

Highlights

Low back pain (LBP) is among the top three causes of all-age years lived with disability (YLDs) in 1990, and is the first leading cause of YLDs for both sexes combined in 126 of the 195 countries in 2017 in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [1]
For the Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) group, the Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) features (Fig.4 (a)) of delta rhythms after massage were less than the values before massage in all fourteen channels, and there were significant differences in six channels which were almost in the left hemisphere
The normalized energy values of delta rhythm in the LDH group after massage were higher than the values before massage in thirteen channels, especially there were significant differences in six channels in the left hemisphere (Fig. 4 (a))

Summary

Introduction

Low back pain (LBP) is among the top three causes of all-age years lived with disability (YLDs) in 1990, and is the first leading cause of YLDs for both sexes combined in 126 of the 195 countries in 2017 in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [1]. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one cause of LBP. LBP affects people of all ages, and LBP was more. Common in those aged 40-69 years than in other age groups and in female than male individuals [2]. LBP causes a lot of economic burden globally, and the largest proportion of direct medical costs for LBP was spent on physical therapy (17%) and inpatient services, followed by pharmacy (13%) and primary care (13%) [3].

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