Abstract
The mental health of nurses including burnout is an important issue. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether mind-body modalities improve burnout and other mental health aspects of nurses. A comprehensive search was conducted using six electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials using mind-body modalities on the mental health of nurses, up to January 2021, were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Seventeen studies were included in the review. Data on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and yoga were available for burnout, and there was no evidence that multimodal resilience programs including MBIs statistically significantly improved burnout levels compared to no intervention or active control groups. However, one study reported that yoga could significantly improve emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, which are subscales of burnout, compared to usual care. In addition, the effects of MBIs, relaxation, yoga, and music on various mental health outcomes and stress-related symptoms have been reported. In conclusion, there was some evidence that yoga was helpful for improvement in burnout of nurses. However, due to the heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes of the studies included, further high-quality clinical trials are needed on this topic in the future.
Highlights
IntroductionThe mental health problems of nurses are common, and nurses are exposed to a variety of mental health risk factors, including work demands, psychological demands, violence, aggression, poor relationships with administrators, accidents involving the risk of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, stress, and errors in the execution of labor activities [1]
Among various mental health problems, burnout is a major cause of emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, and its prevalence in primary care nurses is common at 28%, 15%, and 31%, respectively [2]
(2) Yoga: Alexander (2015) reported that yoga had a statistically superior improvement in emotional exhaustion (p = 0.041) and depersonalization (p = 0.035), but not in the lack of personal accomplishment (p = 0.554), among the Maslach Burnout Inventory compared to usual care [46] (Table 2)
Summary
The mental health problems of nurses are common, and nurses are exposed to a variety of mental health risk factors, including work demands, psychological demands, violence, aggression, poor relationships with administrators, accidents involving the risk of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, stress, and errors in the execution of labor activities [1]. Among various mental health problems, burnout is a major cause of emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, and its prevalence in primary care nurses is common at 28%, 15%, and 31%, respectively [2]. The burnout of nurses can affect, beyond the individual level, the organization to which they belong, 4.0/).
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