The effectiveness and applicability of mindfulness intervention in psychological adaptation after sports injury: a systematic review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives This systematic review aimed to explore the role of mindfulness interventions (MI) in the psychological adaptation of athletes following injuries. Methods Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this study conducted a systematic review of the effects of MI on the psychological adaptation of injured athletes. Results The synthesized evidence indicates that MI has diverse positive effects on the psychological adaptation of injured athletes. These effects include reduced anxiety and depression, increased pain tolerance, elevated mindfulness levels, improved acceptance levels, and enhanced psychological well-being. Additionally, this study discusses the application of MI, considering factors such as dosage, timing, methods (online vs. offline, group vs. individual), implementers, and types of intervention. It also identifies four limitations: unverified efficacy, restricted applicability to specific injuries, minimal impact on physiological recovery, and potential adverse effects. Conclusions This research provides valuable insights into the positive impact of MI on the psychological adaptation of injured athletes. It emphasizes the necessity for standardized protocols and highlights research gaps in optimal dosage, timing, and potential adverse effects.