Abstract
Background: The brain has four lobes consist of frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Most researchers have reported that the left occipitotemporal region of the brain, which is the combined region of the occipital and temporal lobes, is less active in children with dyslexia like Sklar, Glaburda, Ashkenazi and Leisman. Methods: There are different methods and tools to investigate how the brain works, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Among these, EEG determines the electrical activity of the brain with the electrodes placed on the special areas on the scalp. In this research, we processed the EEG signals of dyslexic children and healthy ones to determine what the areas of the brain are most likely to cause the disease. Results: For this purpose, we extracted 43 features, including relative spectral power (RSP) features, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Hjorth, and AR parameters. Then an SVM classifier is used to separate two classes. Finally, we show the particular brain activation pattern by calculating the correlation coefficients and co-occurrence matrices, which suggests the activation of the working memory region as an active area. Conclusion: By identifying the brain areas involved in reading activity, it has expected that psychologists and physicians will be able to design the therapeutic exercises to activate this part of the brain.
Highlights
Scientists believe that the human brain is the most complex substrate that has ever existed
The brain can divide into three main parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
With the advent of imaging tools and the ability to observe the activity of the brain, many works have been done to discover active, inactive, and involved points in the reading process. Based on these imaging features, some of the researchers reported that the left occipitotemporal activity in children with dyslexia was lower than in healthy people
Summary
Scientists believe that the human brain is the most complex substrate that has ever existed. – Occipital: This area of the brain is responsible for visual information processing. Studies have shown that the prefrontal region divided into separate segments for storing different types of information, such as cache memory, storage of the shape of an object or part of the body, the movement, and the others 1, 3.
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