Abstract
The use of additional straw in animal housing and the rapid incorporation of manure into tillage land have been recognised as potential techniques to reduce ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions. However, there is the potential for these management practices to increase nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, i.e. 'pollution swapping'. Emissions of N 2 O were monitored during storage of either pig or cattle farmyard manure (FYM) and after application to tillage land at two UK sites. Losses of N 2 O from conventionally stored pig and cattle FYM were 2.6% and 4.3% of the total-N into store, respectively. Following land spreading, N 2 O losses ranged from 0.05) effect of extra straw use during housing on N 2 O emissions following the spreading of pig and cattle FYM. No consistent effect of FYM incorporation on N 2 O emissions was evident suggesting that rapid incorporation (<4h) can only reduce both N 2 O and NH 3 losses under site specific conditions. The results suggest that strategies to minimise N 2 O emissions from solid manure management should focus on storage rather than land spreading, and that there is a need to develop integrated manure management strategies to minimise 'pollution swapping'.
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