Abstract
Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) have been found to be effective flame retardants and smoke suppressants in unsaturated polyester resins when used in conjunction with additive-type halogenated compounds such as chlorinated paraffin wax and decabromodiphenyl oxide. At a 5 phr (parts per hundred of resin) incorporation level, the tin-containing additives gave limiting oxygen index (LOI) elevations of c. 2–3 units in resins containing 10% halogen, and c. 3–6 units in 20% halogen formulations, with observed reductions in maximum smoke density of c. 20–40%. Thermoanalytical experiments suggest that ZHS and ZS operate as fire retardants by combined condensed/vapour phase action.
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