Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars ‘Bingo’ and ‘Chwat’ were used to compare the embryogenesis competence of another culture. Despite the embryo-like structures obtained from both tested cultivars, only ‘Chwat’ produced green plantlets, which confirmed the cultivar dependency. ‘Chwat’ produced the highest number of embryo-like structures and green plantlets (0.7/100 anthers and 0.1/100 anthers, respectively). The embryo-like structure formation also depended on cold pretreatment combined with Cu2+, Zn2+, or Ag+ ion supplementation, which was applied during the tiller pretreatment or added to the induction media. The highest number of embryo-like structures (2.1/100 anthers) were observed on anthers derived from the tillers kept in a 50% Hoagland medium with the addition of 10 µM of CuSO4. In turn, the induction media supplemented with the ions Cu2+, Zn2+, or Ag+ increased neither the number of embryo-like structures nor the green plantlet production compared to the control conditions. However, such ion applications turned out to be most effective when the induction medium was enriched with 25 µM of AgNO3 and left to obtain the highest number of embryo-like structures and green plantlets (0.8/100 anthers and 0.2/100 anthers, respectively). Therefore, more attention should be paid to the possibilities of adjusting the media nutrient composition, as this may be the only way to significantly increase the efficiency of this method.
Highlights
Androgenesis is defined as a developmental pathway leading to obtaining a malederived haploid embryos [1]; presently, it is widely used in the production of doubled haploid (DH) plants in commercial breeding systems
Tiller pretreatments and induction media compositions were tested in the context of the production of calluses, embryo-like structures (ELS), and green plantlet (GP) using the anther culture of two oat cultivars— ‘Bingo’ and ‘Chwat’
There are no reports on the effect of the above-mentioned ions on the androgenic response in oat anther culture; there are a few reports concerning these metal ions on androgenesis of Hordeum vulgare L. [28,30,36,37], Oryza sativa L. [42,47], Triticum turgidum [48], or Fragaria × ananassa Duch
Summary
Androgenesis is defined as a developmental pathway leading to obtaining a malederived haploid embryos [1]; presently, it is widely used in the production of doubled haploid (DH) plants in commercial breeding systems. Warchoł et al [6] noted the DH production with the highest efficiency at 0.5 plants per 100 anthers for the cultivar ‘Akt’ Such a low haploid plant regeneration rate substantially limits the incorporation of this technique into breeding programs and makes it economically unfeasible. For this reason, it seems necessary to conduct further research that may contribute to increasing the efficiency of obtaining oat DH plants. Many important species—for example, woody plants or Leguminosae—still remain resistant to androgenesis induction [13,14]
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