Abstract
Yucca shidigera is a medicinal plant native to Mexico. Is a plant widely used in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailmentary disorders, but its action on reproductive processes and possible mechanisms of such action remains unknown. Yucca schidigera extract contains a number of steroidal saponins that, because of their biological activity, have attracted attention from the food industry for many years. Yucca extract is used as a natural feed additive with positive effect to microflora, digestion, metabolism and to improve animal muscle growth. Its extract has been used as a foodstuff and folk medicine to treat a wide variety of diseases for many years. Nevertheless, it remaines unknown, whether consumption of yucca can affect reproductive system. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of yucca on basic ovarian cell functions - proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenesis. Porcine ovarian granulosa cells were cultured with and without yucca extract (added at doses 0; 1; 10 and 100 μg.mL-1 of medium). Markers of proliferation (% of PCNA-positive cells) and apoptosis (% cells containing bax) were analysed by immunocytochemistry. Release of steroid hormones (progesterone and testosterone) was measured by EIA. It was observed, that addition of yucca inhibited proliferation (expression of PCNA), increased apoptosis (expression of bax), stimulated progesterone and inhibited testosterone release. The ability of yucca to reduce ovarian cell proliferation, to promote ovarian cell apoptosis and affect steroidogenesis demonstrates the direct influence of yucca on female gonads. Furthermore, our observations suggest the multiple sites of action (proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis) of yucca on porcine ovarian cell functions. It is not to be excluded, that consumption of yucca can suppress female reproductive functions.
Highlights
Medicinal plants contain a variety of molecules with potent biological activities (Coran et al, 2001)
It has been showed that Yucca schidigera and yucca-supplemented diets had lower rumen ammonia N concentrations compared to the control diet
The mode of action of Yucca schidigera is believed to be related to their steroidal saponins and phenolic compounds were found in the yucca plant bark (Abaza and Said, 2005)
Summary
Medicinal plants contain a variety of molecules with potent biological activities (Coran et al, 2001). Yucca polyphenolics inhibit NFkB, a transcription factor which stimulate iNOS, an inducible enzyme which produced the inflammatory agent nitric oxide (Cheeke et al, 2006). In recent time, this plant and its extract have been used to produce drugs that are applied to treat various human diseases. Yucca is used as a food additive increasing the performance in sportsmen It improves performance and health of the livestock in addition to feed in various concentrations (Duffy et al, 2007). Saponin-containing yucca extracts are currently used in the feed industry for control of ammonia and odour
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