Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of yoga on glycemic control, lipid profiles, body composition and blood pressure in people in the pre-diabetic state. Studies on the effectiveness of yoga on population groups under high risk for diabetes, called prediabetic or suffering from metabolic syndromes were extracted from a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and IndMED databases. Both Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) and non-RCT studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies published between Jan 2002 and Dec 2018 were included. Studies were considered for evaluation if they investigated a yoga intervention to prevent T2DM, against a control group, while also reporting glycemic control and other health parameters of T2DM management. Summary effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software in addition to publication bias. Of the 46,500 identified studies, 14 studies with 834 participants of whom were 50% women, were found to be eligible for inclusion in our systematic review. Our quantitative synthesis included 12 randomized control trials and 2 non-randomized control trials, with the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 52 weeks. Compared to controls, yoga intervention improved fasting blood glucose (FBG) [Standard Mean Difference (SMD -0.064 mg/dL (95% CI -0.201 to 0.074)]; low density lipoprotein (LDL) [SMD-0.090 mg/dL (95% CI -0.270 to 0.090)]; triglycerides [SMD -0.148 mg/dL (95% CI -0.285 to -0.012)]; total cholesterol [SMD -0.058 mg/dL (95% CI -0.220 to 0.104)] and systolic blood pressure [SMD -0.058 mm Hg (95% CI -0.168 to 0.053)]. This meta-analysis uncovered clinically improved effects of yoga intervention on glycemic control, lipid profiles and other parameters of T2DM management in prediabetic population. These results suggest that yoga intervention may be considered as a comprehensive and alternative approach to preventing T2DM. Further adequately powered, well designed RCTs are needed to support our findings and investigate the long-term effects of yoga in T2DM patients.
Highlights
Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia because of a progressive condition in which the body becomes resistant to the typical effects of insulin or loses the ability to produce insulin [1]
The key risk factors often associated with the development and maintenance of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) include sedentary lifestyle [4], or an unhealthy diet and psychological stress
This study summarises the results of other markers of diabetes management including triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body composition and fasting cortisol, as influenced by yoga in prediabetic populations
Summary
Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia because of a progressive condition in which the body becomes resistant to the typical effects of insulin or loses the ability to produce insulin [1]. The key risk factors often associated with the development and maintenance of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) include sedentary lifestyle [4], or an unhealthy diet and psychological stress. Psychological stress is strongly associated with both the risk factors [5,6,7] and maintenance of the disease [8, 9]. In addition to the genetic background, the prediabetic state contributes significantly to the development of T2DM [4, 10]
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