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Abstract
Zirconia (ZrO2), a widely known material with an extensive range of applications, is especially suitable for dental applications. This kind of dental material is produced in the form of blocks or discs (mostly discs—depending on CAD/CAM machines) by cold isostatic pressing (CIP). Such discs are subsequently milled by CAM/CAD technology into a desirable form. Due to the application of CIP, the resulting discs consist of different yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) powders, additives and pigments. The diverse composition of the discs (e.g., different Y3+ content) governs material properties, such as hardness, toughness and translucence. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of Y3+ addition on the grains and grain boundaries, on the ZrO2 phases lattice parameter values and on the electrical equivalent circuit parameters of the prepared Y-TZP samples. The disc-shaped samples were prepared by using CAM/CAD technology. It was observed that the grain size and the grain density were increased by Y3+ addition. The sample with the lowest Y3+ content was characterized by the highest portion of the tetragonal phase, whilst the disc with the highest Y3+ addition consisted mainly of the cubic phase. It was also observed that at the higher Y3+ ion concentrations, these ions mainly incorporated the tetragonal phase. Furthermore, conductivity investigations showed that the resistivity of the grains in the samples with the higher Y3+ concentrations was decreased as these ions were mainly trapped in the grain boundary. On the other hand, the Y3+ trapping increased the capacitance of the grain boundary.
Highlights
Introduction1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in Zirconia (ZrO2 ) is a well-known stable material with different ranges of applications, varying from clinical applications [1] and dental materials [2] to fuel cells [3]
If the aforementioned quick analyses are taken into consideration, the equivalent circuit (EEC)
If the aforementioned quick analyses are taken into consideration, the EEC values (R1 and Y0,2 ) can be utilized to monitor Y3+ content in the grains and grain boundaries of the yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) materials studied in this work
Summary
1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in Zirconia (ZrO2 ) is a well-known stable material with different ranges of applications, varying from clinical applications [1] and dental materials [2] to fuel cells [3]. There is a wide range of different dental ceramic materials with clinical applications [6] that can be shaped by CAD/CAM technology. The application of this technology facilitates the development and investigations of ZrO2 as it is possible to both shape and prepare this material in numerous ways [7]
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