The Effect of Weather Conditions in the Spring-Summer Vegetation Period on Grain Quality of Winter Bread Wheat

Abstract

AbstractThe current study was conducted in the dry years (2013, 2014) and in the years of excessive moisture (2016, 2017) on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “ARC Donskoy”. The purpose of the study was to estimate promising zoned varieties of winter bread wheat, according to their quality indicators, as well as to identify the optimal values of traits which promote forming the highest quality indicators. There have been studied 8 winter bread wheat varieties developed in the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”. In the dry years of 2013 and 2014 there was identified strong kernel hardness (89–90%) and a large gluten content in grain (28.8–30.0%). In the wet years of 2016 and 2017, the values of the traits ‘1000-grain weight’ and ‘grain unit’ were the largest in comparison with arid years (46.53–46.88 g and 826–832 g/l). The study has established that the varieties ‘Aksiniya’, ‘Shef’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Nakhodka’ meet the requirements of strong wheats according to the complex of considered indicators used in estimating grain quality. These four varieties, which have a complex of economically valuable traits that are shown both in the arid conditions and in the conditions of excessive moisture, are of greater interest for practical breeding. These varieties are competitive in the agricultural market, as well as a reserve for strengthening the food security of the Rostov region.KeywordsVarietyWinter bread wheatGrain qualityWeather conditions