The effect of water vapor emissions from the operation of thermal power plants, boiler houses and motor vehicles on local climatic changes and the climate adaptation of a megalopolis using the example of Moscow

Abstract

Being a large consumer of energy resources, the Moscow metropolis significantly changes the climate of its agglomeration. Climatic indicators changing in the medium term have an impact on each of the industries of the metropolis. The most common type of destructive effect is the temperature and humidity deformation of coatings, as a result of which the materials of the building envelope are rapidly destroyed under the influence of positive and negative temperatures. Both thermal pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases and water vapor produce adverse effects. The purpose of this article is to determine the degree of influence of these emissions on climate formation, as well as the possibility of their compensation by Moscow's green spaces. The tasks of analyzing trends in the absolute humidity of air depending on the additional volume of water vapor produced during the combustion of fuel at thermal power plants and in boiler rooms, the functioning of cooling towers, and the operation of motor vehicles are considered in sequence. The dependence of the actual number of clear days on air temperature is analyzed. The months with the longest covered sky are identified. The processes of cloud formation and changes in air temperature depending on the height and conditions of the city are determined. The formation of an area with an increased air temperature at an altitude of 60 to 400 meters above the city territory as a result of heat emissions is demonstrated. The dynamics and reserves of reducing greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed. The efficiency of the implementation of the state policy in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency, which is focused primarily on the modernization of the power equipment of urban thermal power plants with the installation of modern combined-cycle power units, is shown. The insufficiency of the compensation mechanism of photosynthesis is demonstrated. The ways of climatic adaptation of the megalopolis are shown. Energy-saving measures to reduce gas consumption at sources of thermal energy are identified and the effects of their implementation are evaluated.