The Effect of Water on the Tin Electrodeposition from [Bmim]HSO4 Ionic Liquid

Jie Tang,Cunying Xu,Yixin Hua,Qibo Zhang,Pingzhao Niu,Dongliang Lv,Xiaolin Zhu

doi:10.1155/2018/1210394

Jie Tang, Cunying Xu + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1210394

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Abstract

The electrodeposition of tin from SnO in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) in the presence of water at different cathodic potential was investigated. With the addition of water to [Bmim]HSO4ionic liquid, the electrochemical window of the electrolyte decreases and the reduction potential of Sn(II) positively shifts. The water content of ionic liquid electrolyte has a distinct effect on morphology of the deposits. As water content increased from 0 to 50% (v/v), the morphology of deposits varies from granular to hexagonal rod-like, then to hollow tubular, and finally to wire-like. The XRD phase analysis showed that both Sn and CuSn alloys were deposited in ionic liquid/water mixtures. However, in dried ionic liquids only Cu3Sn was obtained, surprisingly. The difference in the structure might be attributed to the various interactions of the ions with the Cu substrate. In addition, the deposition potential was found to play a significant role in the morphology of deposits.

Highlights

The electrochemical deposition of tin and its alloys is of great practical importance and widely used in the semiconductor industry and field of energy storage devices [1,2,3,4], like lithium ion batteries; e.g., traditional electrodeposition of tin and its alloy is performed in aqueous electrolytes including sulfate, fluoborate, and citrate [5,6,7]
After the addition of SnO to pure [Bmim]HSO4 ionic liquid, the new reduction and oxidation waves appear at potentials close to −0.38 V as a result of the deposition and stripping of Sn
With the increasing of deposition potential, the crystal growth rate increases. This is in good agreement with the fact that deposits obtained at low deposition potential are smaller size than those obtained at higher deposition potential

Summary

Introduction

The electrochemical deposition of tin and its alloys is of great practical importance and widely used in the semiconductor industry and field of energy storage devices [1,2,3,4], like lithium ion batteries; e.g., traditional electrodeposition of tin and its alloy is performed in aqueous electrolytes including sulfate, fluoborate, and citrate [5,6,7]. Such electrolytes are susceptible to complex electrolyte composition and quite corrosive and can possibly have a negative impact on the environment. The influence of water is of interest as in an open bath where would be water uptake in any case

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Composition and Phase Structure Analysis

Conclusions