Abstract
Vitamin D3 supplementation can affect strength and power; however, the effect on both aerobic and anaerobic performance remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of eight weeks of a high dose of vitamin D3 supplementation and its impact on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D3) concentrations and selected indicators of physical capacity. Subjects (n = 28, age 21.1 ± 1.6) were divided into two groups: supplemented (SUP), which was given 6000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for eight weeks; and placebo group (PLA). Serum 25-OH-D3 concentrations were determined in pre- and post-intervention. Aerobic (O2max test) and anaerobic (Wingate Anaerobic Test) capacity were determined before and after the supplementation. The mean baseline concentration of 25-OH-D3 was recognized as deficient (20 ng/mL) and significantly increased over time in the supplemented group (p < 0.01, η2 = 0.86), whilst it remained unchanged in the placebo group. Moreover, the supplementation caused a significant improvement in maximal aerobic (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.27) and anaerobic power (p < 0.01, η2 = 0.51) whereas no changes were observed in PLA group. The O2max differences were also significant in the supplemented group (p < 0.05). In summary, the changes in aerobic and anaerobic capacity observed in this study were associated with a serum concentration of 25-OH-D3. Our data imply that vitamin D3 supplementation with a dose of 6000 IU daily for eight weeks is sufficient to improve physical capacity and vitamin D3 status.
Highlights
Sport and recreational activity-induced adaptation includes changes in skeletal muscle, such as biogenesis of mitochondria, induction of antioxidant enzymes, etc. [1] Exercise induces changes in other tissues such as the heart, adipose, bones, arteries, and lungs [2]
The analyses revealed no statistical differences between the SUP and placebo group (PLA) groups in VO2max
We demonstrated that supplementation improves vitamin D levels and has has a positive impact on aerobic and anaerobic performance
Summary
Sport and recreational activity-induced adaptation includes changes in skeletal muscle, such as biogenesis of mitochondria, induction of antioxidant enzymes, etc. [1] Exercise induces changes in other tissues such as the heart, adipose, bones, arteries, and lungs [2]. There is an increasing number of studies demonstrating that exercise-induced adaptation is related to vitamin D status [3,4]. The effects of vitamin D on lung function can be related to respiratory muscles [10,12], whereas decreased efficiency of respiratory muscle contraction can significantly limit physical capacity and exercise performance [13]. Vitamin D3 modifies many processes including inhibition of skeletal muscle atrophy, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, cell differentiation, and proliferation functions [14,15]. It can modify skeletal muscle metabolism and antioxidant potential [14,16,17,18,19]. 25-OH-D3 concentrations and evaluate if the improved status of vitamin D can be related to changes in physical performance
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