Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between visceral fat and the hemodilution effect of carcinoembryonic antigen in both sexes.MethodsA total of 15,340 females and 20,024 males who visited the health promotion center at Chung-Ang University Hospital from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively collected. Correlation analysis and chi-square test for linear by linear association were used to determine the correlation between carcinoembryonic antigen concentration, carcinoembryonic antigen mass and visceral fat. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to calculate the mean of carcinoembryonic antigen concentration and the mean of carcinoembryonic antigen mass, reflecting age, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, body fat percentage, body mass index, lean body mass and waist circumference as confounding variables.ResultsHigher body mass index was related with lower carcinoembryonic antigen concentration in men (r = -0.019, P = 0.019), but higher carcinoembryonic antigen concentration in women (r = 0.084, P<0.001). Average of waist circumference for male is greater than that of female (P<0.01). Average of body fat percentage for male is lesser than that of female (P<0.01). Male lean body mass mean is larger than that of women (P<0.01). Increased waist circumference was significantly associated with higher carcinoembryonic antigen mass in both female and male (P<0.001 for trend). Postmenopausal women might be more likely to have increased carcinoembryonic antigen mass and carcinoembryonic antigen concentration (P<0.001 for trend).ConclusionsThis study suggests that visceral fat may increase total amount of CEA in the body. Visceral fat should be taken into account when evaluating serum CEA levels in both sexes.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and accounted for 8.8 million death in 2015 according to the World Health Organization [1]
This study suggests that visceral fat may increase total amount of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the body
Visceral fat should be taken into account when evaluating serum CEA levels in both sexes
Summary
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and accounted for 8.8 million death in 2015 according to the World Health Organization [1]. Early diagnosis of cancer can improve the survival rate. Because tumor markers are important in early diagnosis of cancer, precise measurement and criteria of tumor marker are needed. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for several cancers. Increased visceral fat in obesity is related to metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cancer [5]. Early diagnosis through screening test is even more important for obese people, and accurate tumor marker standards are emphasized. Obese people may be difficult to diagnose early due to the hemodilution effect, which refers to diluted tumor marker concentrations as a result of increased plasma volume secondary to obesity [6,7,8]
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