Abstract
To investigate the effect of feeding heat-treated colostrum at different duration on the health and performance, 48 Holstein calves were enrolled randomly into four treatment groups before first feeding and consumed untreated colostrum (H0, n = 12), heat-treated colostrum at 60ºC for 30 min. (H30, n = 12), heat-treated colostrum at 60ºC for 60 min. (H60, n = 12) and heat-treated colostrum at 60ºC for 90 min. (H90, n = 12). Blood samples were collected for analyses of IgG and protein profile at 0, 6, and 24h of age. The colostrum sample from treated and untreated batches and feces sample from each calf also were taken. The results showed heat-treatment of colostrum at 60ºC for 60 (p = 0.03) and 90 min. (p = 0.01) reduced total bacterial count, while colostral IgG concentration maintained up to 60 min. Serum total protein (p = 0.02), IgG concentrations (p = 0.03), and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (p = 0.02) were significantly greater at 6 and 24h in calves that were fed heat-treated colostrum (H90) compared to calves fed unheated colostrum (H0). General health status of calves that were received heat-treated colostrum was better and the prevalence of diarrhea-induced pathogens was lower than calves were fed unheated colostrum. In conclusion, the consumption of heat-treated colostrum had a positive effect on health, growth characteristics, and performance of calves during the suckling period.
Highlights
The newborn calf is born into a world laden with challenges it must overcome in order to grow and develop into a healthy, productive adult
Thereupon calf borne agammaglobulinemic and in the early days of life are highly dependent on colostrum consumption till growth, health, and future economic performance be guaranteed (Arguello, Castro, & Capote, 2005; Wheeler, Hodgkinson, Prosser, & Davis, 2007; Zakian et al, 2018)
IgG concentration of H0, H30, heat-treated at 60°C for 60 min. (H60), and heattreated at 60°C for 90 min. (H90) colostrum batches was equal to 67.63 ± 0.08, 66.17 ± 0.08, 63.07 ± 0.08, and 59.53 ± 0.09 g L-1 which indicated a significant difference between H90 compared to other batches (p = 0.02)
Summary
The newborn calf is born into a world laden with challenges it must overcome in order to grow and develop into a healthy, productive adult. Thereupon calf borne agammaglobulinemic and in the early days of life are highly dependent on colostrum consumption till growth, health, and future economic performance be guaranteed (Arguello, Castro, & Capote, 2005; Wheeler, Hodgkinson, Prosser, & Davis, 2007; Zakian et al, 2018). Immunoglobulins, which are highest in concentration at first milking, are critical to protect the newborn from the transmission of pathogenic infections in early life (Godden, 2008). Colostrum contains a high concentration of nutrients including protein (much of which consists of the immunoglobulins), lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The importance of consumption of high-quality colostrum with low microbial pollution in the critical first 24h of life is well documented (Staley & Bush, 1980; Godden 2008; Zakian et al, 2018). In addition to reduced risk for preweaning morbidity and mortality, additional long-term benefits associated with successful passive transfer include reduced mortality in the postweaning period, improved rate of weight gain, reduced age at first calving, improved first and second lactation milk production, and reduced tendency for culling during the first lactation (Wells, Dargatz, & Ott, 1996; Faber, Faber, McCauley, & Ax, 2005)
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