Abstract
The performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), based on NPB/Alq 3/KCl/Alq 3 active regions, with various anode (i.e. ITO and ITO/MoO 3) and cathode (i.e. Al and LiF/Al) structures is compared. NPB, Alq 3, KCl, ITO, MoO 3, Al and LiF are N,N′-bis-(1-naphthl)-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, potassium chloride, indium-tin oxide, molybdenum trioxide, aluminum and lithium fluoride, respectively. When bare Al is used as a cathode, both luminance and efficiency are improved by the insertion of KCl inside Alq 3 ( anode/NPB/Alq 3/KCl/Alq 3/Al), compared to a control device ( anode/NPB/Alq 3/Al). This is attributed to trap sites induced by KCl layer, which give a better recombination in the devices. However, if the cathode is LiF/Al, the performance of control device ( anode/NPB/Alq 3/LiF/Al) is superior to that of devices with KCl inside Alq 3 ( anode/NPB/Alq 3/KCl/Alq 3/LiF/Al), which is attributed that the probability of electron injection from cathode is decreased.
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