The Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Candida Albicans and Streptococcus Mutans on the Biofilm Formation on Prosthetic Materials

Abstract

To investigate the biofilm formation on Prosthetic materials as affected by type II diabetes mellitus, Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Two types of saliva, natural saliva, and artificial saliva were collected and prepared respectively. The natural saliva was divided into diabetic and non-diabetic saliva. The artificial saliva was further divided into two groups, one inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and the second with Candida albicans. The 150 samples of various prosthetic materials were prepared using nickel-chromium alloy, ceramic, soft liner, tooth molding powder; heat cured the acrylic resin. The samples were then immersed in natural saliva and artificial saliva and studied for biofilm formation. Diabetic saliva formed more biofilm than non-diabetic saliva. Streptococcus mutans were able to form more biofilm than Candida albicans in artificial saliva on constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR) and spinal length (SL). In Diabetic saliva, there was a significant difference in the biofilm formation seen between MC and NCA (p < 0.05). No biofilm was formed on hCAR in natural saliva (diabetic or non-diabetic). In artificial saliva inoculated with Candida albicans and streptococcus mutans there is a significant difference in the biofilm formation in all the materials except NCA. Diabetic saliva has more potential to form biofilm than non-diabetic saliva. Also, Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans both can form a biofilm on materials used with the maximum formation on hCAR. Smoother materials formed less biofilm than rougher surfaces like hCAR, PCM, SL. It is desirable for dental restorative materials to have a low susceptibility for accumulation and formation of biofilm as it may lead to pathologies such as dental caries, periodontal disease, peri-implantitis, etc. which are plaque-related. The most commonly used materials in prosthodontics have been used in the study to establish a direct relationship with the formation of biofilm, this, in turn, helps us to take the right call in choosing a material for a patient with an already compromised systemic condition.