Abstract
BackgroundLittle is known about the time-course of the postprandial appearance of macronutrient-induced inflammatory response. Our aim was to investigate the postprandial inflammatory and metabolic response following high fat, high caloric popular meals in apparently healthy participants.MethodsFifty four apparently healthy normal weight volunteers (BMI of 25.9±0.9) were given two iso-caloric meals with similar amounts but different composition of fats: a meal high in monounsaturated fats (MUFA), and a meal high in saturated fat (SFA). Three main effects and the interactions between them were analyzed: the time (before and 2 and 4 hours following the meals), the meal (MUFA or SFA) and the gender.ResultsThe effect of time from the meal on hs-CRP level was highly significant (p=0.004). The highest responses were observed 2 hours after the meal (p=0.002). A statistically significant interaction was found between the time and the meal (p≤0.0001), which reflects the higher increase in hs-CRP values 2 hours after the SFA meal, with no effect by the MUFA meal. The white blood cell counts were affected significantly by the time (p≤0.0001) however, other inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, IL-6, TNFα, ICAM and VICAM) were not. All the metabolic markers (insulin, glucose, HOMA-R, QUICKI and triglycerides) were affected by the time (p≤0.0001), with no interactions observed.ConclusionsMetabolic and modest inflammatory changes occur within a few hours after the ingestion of a high SFA meal in apparently healthy adults.
Highlights
Little is known about the time-course of the postprandial appearance of macronutrient-induced inflammatory response
The white blood cell count (WBCC) was estimated using a Coulter STKS electronic analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Nyon, Switzerland), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) using the method of Westergren, quantitative fibrinogen using the method of Clauss [30] with a Sysmex 6000 autoanalyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Hyaga, Japan) and the hsCRP was determined with a Boehring BN II Nephelometer (DADE Boehring, Marburg, Germany) using the method of Rifai et al [31]
A statistically significant interaction was found between the time and the meal (p≤0.0001), which reflects the higher increase in highsensitive C-reactive protein (hs-C-reactive protein (CRP)) values 2 hours after the saturated fat (SFA) meal, with no effect by the monounsaturated fats (MUFA) meal
Summary
Little is known about the time-course of the postprandial appearance of macronutrient-induced inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that a ‘Western type', energy dense, refined diet, may lead to the development of a positive energy balance, weight gain, obesity, visceral obesity and eventually to be a key promoter of low-grade systemic inflammation [1,2,3] and Little is known about the time-course of postprandial triglyceride serum levels and their relation to the appearance of a macronutrient-induced inflammatory response Their importance may lie in the fact that an early postprandial inflammatory response might precede a potentially hazardous transient state of insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia [11]. In the present study we have investigated the metabolic and inflammatory impact of the fat composition of a single meal, rather than its fat amount, has any effect on selected metabolic and inflammation-sensitive biomarkers which are involved in the atherosclerosis process
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