The effect of two educational programs for the techniques of strategic thinking to teach the game of chess in developing the contemplative thinking of the age group 13_14 years

Abstract

The aim of the research is the following: - Designing a program that includes two techniques of strategic thinking of the game of chess and revealing the impact of the program on the development of reflective thinking. Regarding the research methodology, the researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The community of the research represented in age class (13-14) in the city of Mosul, the number of boys were (40750) and the number of girls were (28478) and their total (69228). The researchers adopted the age group of boys as the research community. By the method of drawing lots, the Leaders Secondary School was named as a center for conducting exploratory experiments related to research variables, and Al-Awael Secondary School for conducting an experimental research experiment, as the research sample consisted of (60) students. Then this sample was divided into two groups by lot, each group comprising (30) students, then the two researchers randomly named the two groups also according to the two techniques of strategic thinking, as the number of students in the first experimental group that studies according to the technique of thinking from all directions reached (30) students, while the number of students in the second experimental group that teaches according to the art of thinking scenarios reached (30) students, and (8) students were excluded from the first experimental group and (3) students from the second experimental group due to lack of commitment to the program’s lessons. The total of data members after excluding were (49) students, regarding the experimental design, the two researchers adopted the design of the corresponding groups, and the two researchers conducted the equivalence between the two research groups, the homogeneity of the variance in the dependent variables (aspects of attention, multiple intelligences, and contemplative thinking). Education for both experimental groups, according to their own techniques, by (20) educational units. Then the post-test in reflective thinking was conducted on the research sample in order to obtain the raw data that were statistically treated through the percentage to determine the percentage of experts'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' agreement, the simple correlation coefficient, Spearman - Brown coefficient, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, Levine test, the T- test for two independent samples The T-test for two linked samples, and the statistical package (SPSS) was used to conduct statistical analysis. The results showed the convergence of the impact of each of the strategic thinking program according to thinking techniques from all directions and the strategic thinking program according to the technicality of thinking scenarios in developing reflective thinking (visual vision, disclosure Fallacies, reaching conclusions, giving explanations, developing suggested solutions, and the overall score). In light of the results and conclusions of the research, the researchers recommend the following: - Adopting the educational content of the game of chess as a basic material for middle schools for directorates of education. - Adopting both the strategic thinking program according to the technique of thinking from all directions and the strategic thinking program according to the art of thinking scenarios in teaching the educational content of the game of chess. Adopting the educational methods used in research in teaching the educational content of the game of chess