Abstract
Many recent studies have shown that the structure, density, and productivity of mixed-species stands can differ from the weighted mean of monospecific stands of the respective species. The tree and stand properties emerging by inter-specific neighborhood should be considered in models for understanding and practical management. A promising approach for this is a more realistic representation of the individual tree allometry in models and management concepts, as tree allometry determines many structural and functional aspects at the tree and stand level. Therefore, this paper is focused on the crown allometry in mixed and mono-specific stands. Firstly, we review species-specific differences in the crown allometry in monospecific stands. Secondly, we show how species-specific differences and complementarities in crown allometry can emerge in mixed-species stands. Thirdly, the consequences of allometric complementarity for the canopy packing density will be analyzed. Fourthly, we trace the crown allometry from the tree level to the stand density and show the relevance for the self-thinning in mixed versus monospecific stands. Fifth, the consequence of the findings for modeling and regulating tree and stand growth will be discussed. The review deals mainly with widespread even-aged, mono-layered stands, but the main results apply for more heterogeneous stands analogously.
Highlights
IntroductionThe structure and the size of tree crowns are highly relevant for a tree’s fitness
The Relevance of Crown Size for Tree Growth and Stand DynamicsThe structure and the size of tree crowns are highly relevant for a tree’s fitness
(ii.) Second, we show how tree species mixing can modify the individual tree allometry
Summary
The structure and the size of tree crowns are highly relevant for a tree’s fitness They determine the tree’s access to resources, the availability and occupation of space, the size growth, and the seed production and dispersal. Expansive crown growth of oak Quercus trees, e.g., may accelerate tree number reduction and standing stock, whereas slim crowns of spruce Picea or fir Abies may increase the canopy density, stand density, and standing stock. In this way, the individual tree crown allometry determines the structure and dynamics at the stand level [4]
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