The effect of trastuzumab on cardiac function in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer and reduced baseline left ventricular ejection fraction

Abstract

We investigated the effect of trastuzumab on cardiac function in a real‐world historic cohort of patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with reduced baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Thirty‐seven patients with HER2‐positive MBC and baseline LVEF of 40% to 49% were included. Median LVEF was 46% (interquartile range [IQR] 44%‐48%) and median follow‐up was 18 months (IQR 9‐34 months). During this period, the LVEF did not worsen in 24/37 (65%) patients, while 13/37 (35%) patients developed severe cardiotoxicity defined as LVEF <40% with median time to severe cardiotoxicity of 7 months (IQR 4‐10 months) after beginning trastuzumab. Severe cardiotoxicity was reversible (defined as LVEF increase to a value <5%‐points below baseline value) in 7/13 (54%) patients, partly reversible (defined as absolute LVEF increase ≥10%‐points from nadir to a value >5%‐points below baseline) in 3/13 (23%) patients and irreversible (defined as absolute LVEF increase <10%‐points from nadir and to a value >5%‐points below baseline) in 3/13 (23%) patients. Likelihood of reversibility was numerically higher in patients who received cardio‐protective medications (CPM), including ACE‐inhibitors, beta‐blockers and angiotensine‐2 inhibitors, compared to those who did not receive any CPM (71% vs 13%, P = .091). Sixty‐five percent of patients who received trastuzumab for HER2‐positive MBC did not develop severe cardiotoxicity during a median follow‐up of 18 months, despite having a compromised baseline LVEF. If severe cardiotoxicity occurred, it was at least partly reversible in more than two‐thirds of the cases. Risks and benefits of trastuzumab use should be balanced carefully in this vulnerable population.