The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Behaviours on Factors Establishing Teams’ Cultural Aspects to Promote Organizational Effectiveness

Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the relationships between transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and organizational culture in university soccer teams. First, the study focused on the transactional and trans- formational leadership behaviours of soccer coaches in university soccer teams using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X (MLQ 5X) by Bass and Avolio (1990) as an instrument. Second, the cultural factors of the univer- sity soccer teams were measured using the Organizational Culture Assessment Questionnaire (OCAQ, Sashkin, 2001). Using random cluster sampling, 316 players in university soccer teams participated in the study. The study results showed that both transactional and transformational leadership had a positive effect on organizational team culture, but the effect of transactional leadership behaviour appeared more extensive than transforma- tional leadership behaviour did in the present study. In a Korean context, it remains undeniable that strong transactional leadership behaviours exist, and they exert significant influence on university soccer team culture, but the effect of transformation leadership behaviours was also obvious on team culture. It could be concluded that the combination of transactional and transformational leadership is likely to be a key factor in the successful development of organizational effectiveness.