Abstract
Tou Nong San (TNS) is a traditional Chinese medicinal decoction used to treat sores and carbuncles. It contains four herbal drugs and one animal medicine: Radix Astragaliseu Seu Hedysari, Angelica sinensis, Ligustici Chuanxiong, Spina Gleditsiae, and stir-baked Squama Manis. Previous studies have shown that it has anticancer effects. This report validates in vivo antitumor properties of TNS. The compounds contained in TNSE were confirmed by liquid chromatographmass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis. The in vivo antitumor activity of TNS extract (TNSE) was tested by feeding it to athymic mice harboring a human colonic tumor subcutaneous xenograft. Toxicity was monitored by recording behavior and weight parameters. Seven compounds were detected in TNSE by LC-MS. TNSE was fed to athymic mice for 2 weeks. No adverse reactions were reported. Compared to the control group, administration of TNSE to tumor bearing mice significantly reduced both tumor weight and volume. The expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70s6k1, VEGF, and CD31 were significantly reduced, the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-9 and cleaved Caspase-3 were significantly increased in the TNSE groups compared to the control group as determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. TNSE produced anticolonic cancer effects and the underlying mechanisms involved inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway, inhibition of angiogenesis, and promotion of apoptotic proteins.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide
The purity of each reference compound was determined to be higher than 96% by normalization of the peak area detected by liquid chromatographmass spectrometer (LC-MS) and all reference compounds proved stable in methanol solution over the course of the study
The constituents of TNS extract (TNSE) were identified by comparing the Selected ion response (SIR) chromatograms of the TNSE with that of the mixture of reference compounds
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It ranked third in prevalence and lethality [1]. In China, the incidence of CRC is lower than that in the Western countries, but has significantly increased in recent years with the improvement of current living standards and environmental degradation. Its morbidity has risen year by year [2]. Conventional therapies including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation are often inadequate to treat this disease. Discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs with more efficacy and/or less toxicity is urgently needed
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