The effect of topical and systemic tranexamic acid on fracture healing in rats.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of topical and systemic tranexamic acid (TXA) on fracture healing in a rat surgical model. We created standard, right-sided, open, diaphyseal femoral fractures with intramedullary Kirschner wire fixation in 48 male rats and divided them into three groups: a topical TXA (10 mg/kg) group, a systemic TXA (10 mg/kg) group, and a control group. Fracture healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically after early (week 2) and late (week 4) postoperative sacrifice. The radiological scores differed significantly among the all groups (p=0.001), as did the week 2 and 4 scores (p=0.003 and p=0.010, respectively). Radiologically, the topical TXA group exhibited better bone healing at both 2 (p=0.001) and 4 (p=0.007) weeks than the control group, and the systemic group showed better healing at both 2 (p=0.027) and 4 (p=0.023) weeks than the control TXA group. Moreover, bone healing was better in the group treated with topical rather than systemic TXA on radiological examinations performed at 2 (p=0.001) and 4 (p=0.007) weeks postoperatively (p=0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Histologically, the groups differed significantly (p=0.001). The histological scores differed significantly among the all groups (p=0.001). At 2 weeks, the topical TXA group exhibited significantly better bone healing than the control group (p=0.001). Our results suggested that topical application of TXA in fracture patients may accelerate healing, whereas systemic administration may adversely affect healing.